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Chapter 1 – Scope and approach
The intention is to illustrate every remaining foliate capital
in the Paris Basin carved before 1130, and to use the completeness
of that data to demonstrate there is a way to date these works. Past
investigations of dating have been based on wide-ranging comparisons
of style and motifs. Here, James has used an aspect that has not
been
investigated before: the growing skill in setting-out, and the
concomitant passion to make designs as coherent as possible, a great
Quest for Order.
Chapter 2 – Dates and documents
In the Paris Basin there are imprecise dates for only four
buildings, and in other parts of Europe a mere 18 more. These few
are the foundation for any architectural chronology. [Chris Henige]
Chapter 3 – Scholarship
Scholars acknowledge that the accepted chronology for the period is
pretty shaky. This analyses present scholarship to show its reliance
on unwarranted assumptions, and on comparative method that is
limited to only a few selected monuments, manuscripts and other
artefacts. [Sarah Dillane]
Chapter 4 – Unlocking assumptions
In addition, all previous chronologies have been constrained by the
century-old belief in two seminal moments: That neither the first
pointed arch nor the first rib vault were admitted into the Paris
Basin much before 1120. These three chapters unhitch sculpture from
these constraints so that buildings that have been frozen into later
time-slots are free to settle into their natural places in a
chronology.
Chapter 5 – Techniques of Perfection
Describes the skills needed to achieve a perfect layout on curved
and irregular surfaces, especially in dealing with the natural
dyslexia that distorts true mirror-symmetry. It includes a
discussion of how ideas may have been transmitted and copied, and
the allied matter of restorations.
Chapter 6 – Methods
The first stage in creating a chronology is to distinguish the five
stages in the development of skills in twenty-two dated monuments,
and to apply these methods to each of the capitals of the Paris
Basin. The work of each decade between the 1070s and the 1130s is
illustrated and discussed.
Chapter 7 – Clusters
The second stage separates the spread of methods in each individual
church into clusters, and devises a consistent way to arrange the
clusters decade by decade in alignment with the dated buildings. The
hoped-for outcome has been to establish a consistent chronology for
these buildings within ±5 years. The analysis indicates that the
first pointed arches were built in the 1080s, and the first rib
vaults only a few years later. This coincides with a noticeable boom
in construction that trailed off in the second half of this period.
Chapter 8 – Transition of the 1120s
When building activity declined after the boom, the Quest for Order
came to dominate the work of every mason so that by the time of the
Chartres and Saint-Denis narthexes there is not one archaic capital.
All have become formal. The decade of the ‘20s is, like that of the
‘70s discussed in volume 1, a key moment that marks
the demise of one manner of carving and the total acceptance of
another.
Chapter 9 – Analysis of the capitals
A long and copiously illustrated analysis of the evolution of
foliage and some seventeen distinctive designs. There are enough
examples of two of them to identify the carvers, and this has helped
firm up the chronology. There is a discussion on the popularity of
towers, especially during the 1080s.
Chapter 10 – The thesaurus
Illustrations of some 2,700 capitals remaining in the 147 buildings
carved before 1130. Many are halfpage so that all the details may be
seen. The documentary evidence is provided for the twenty-two dated
buildings, with discussions of how this evidence affects the dating
of, among others, the choirs of Jouy-le-Moutier and Morienval, the
naves of Bury, Etampes, Saint-Germain-des-Prés, Saint-Remi and
Villers-Saint-Paul, and the portals of Ivry-la-Bataille and
Saint-Loup-de-Naud.
Chapter 11 – Addendum 1170-1250
Twenty-five campaigns from this later period, mainly very small
ones, that were omitted from Part A.
Bibliography, Index
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